Hand-Foot-and-Mouth Disease: Symptoms, Treatment and Prevention

Hand-foot-and-mouth disease is a common viral infection, especially in children under five, but it can also affect adults. Caused by viruses of the Coxsackie genus, this syndrome is characterised by a skin rash located on the hands, feet and around the mouth. It is often benign, but can be uncomfortable for those suffering from it.

Symptoms of hand-foot-and-mouth disease

The first signs of infection generally appear between three and seven days after exposure to the virus. Symptoms include:

• Mild fever: Fever often precedes the appearance of other symptoms.

• Sore throat: Patients may complain of pain when swallowing.

• Skin rash: Small red blisters appear on the palms of the hands, the soles of the feet, and around the mouth. These rashes can also develop on the knees, elbows and buttocks.

• Canker sores: Small painful ulcerations can appear inside the mouth, making swallowing difficult.

• Loss of appetite: Canker sores in the mouth can make eating uncomfortable.

Transmission of hand-foot-and-mouth disease

The virus responsible for hand-foot-and-mouth disease is easily transmitted through direct contact with nasal and throat secretions, saliva, stools, and the fluid from blisters. The virus can also spread via contaminated surfaces, such as toys or door handles.

Treatment and symptom management

There is no specific treatment for hand-foot-and-mouth disease. Treatment is primarily symptomatic:

• Fever and pain relief: Administering antipyretics such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen can help reduce fever and pain.

• Hydration: It is important to stay well hydrated, especially if swallowing is difficult due to canker sores.

• Rest: Rest is essential to allow the body to fight the infection.

Blisters and ulcerations generally heal spontaneously within 7 to 10 days. During this period, it is recommended to limit contact with other people to avoid spreading the virus.

Prevention

It is difficult to completely prevent the infection, but certain measures can reduce the risk of spread:

• Hand hygiene: Wash hands frequently with soap and water, especially after changing a diaper or wiping a child's nose.

• Surface cleaning: Regularly disinfect commonly touched surfaces, such as toys and door handles.

• Avoid sharing: Do not share cups, utensils or towels with an infected person.

When to consult a doctor?

Hand-foot-and-mouth disease is generally benign and does not require specific medical treatment. However, it is advised to consult a doctor if:

• The fever lasts more than three days.

• The child shows signs of dehydration (dry mouth, crying without tears, decreased urination).

• Symptoms seem to worsen or do not improve after 10 days.

Conclusion

Hand-foot-and-mouth disease is a common and generally benign condition, but it can be uncomfortable, especially for young children. With proper symptom management and rigorous hygiene, most children and adults recover quickly without complications. For any concerns or if you need personalised medical advice, do not hesitate to consult a healthcare professional. You can also book an appointment with us online at allodocteur.ca for a consultation tailored to your needs.